CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 02–General Proficiency
2 hours 30 minutes
30 May 2013 (a.m.)
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
- This paper consists of TEN questions in FOUR sections.
- Section A consists of ONE compulsory question. EACH of Section B, C and D consists of THREE questions.
- Candidates MUST answer FOUR questions: Question 1 from Section A and ONE question from EACH of Sections B, C and D.
- Begin EACH answer on a new page.
- Credit will be given for the use of relevant sketch maps and diagrams.
- You may use a silent non-programmable calculator.
- You may use geometrical instruments.
- Write all of your responses in the answer booklet provided unless otherwise stated in the question. ALL inserts used MUST be fastened securely to your answer booklet and must have your registration number.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Section A
BECAUSE OF THE DIFFICULTY IN REPRESENTING MAPWORK ONLINE SECTION A WILL NOT BE REPRESENTED HERE.
Section B (Natural Systems)
Answer ONE question from this section.
2.(a) Draw ONE diagram to illustrate any FOUR of the following features:
- Sill
- Dyke
- Volcano
- Batholith
- Lava Plateau
(4 marks)
(b) (i) Name TWO types of plate boundaries.
(2 marks)
(ii) Describe what happens at any ONE of the plate boundaries named in (b) (i). Use examples to illustrate your answer.
(6 marks)
(c) Explain how EACH of the following is formed:
(i) Volcanoes
(6 marks)
(ii) Fold Mountains
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
3. Study Figure 2 below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i) What cycle is illustrated in the diagram above?
(1 mark)
(ii) Name any THREE of the processes labelled A to F.
(3 marks)
(b) Name and describe TWO types of drainage pattern.
(8 marks)
(c) (i) Explain how ONE surface feature is formed in limestone areas of the Caribbean.
(6 marks)
(ii) Explain how ONE underground feature is formed in limestone areas of the Caribbean.
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
4. Figure 3 is a climate graph which shows precipitation and temperature for a climatic region in the northern hemisphere. Study Figure 3 and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i) State the month with the lowest temperature.
(1 mark)
(ii) State the month with approximately 125 mm (5 inches) of rainfall.
(1 mark)
(iii) What is the approximate range of average temperature for the year?
(1 mark)
(iv) What is the relationship between rainfall and temperature?
(1 mark)
(b) (i) Define EACH of the following terms:
a) Weather
(2 marks)
b) Climate
(2 marks)
(ii) Explain what happens when warm, moist air is forced to rise over a mountain.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Describe TWO characteristics of soil.
(4 marks)
(ii) Explain how climate and vegetation influence the formation of soils in either equatorial or tropical continental areas.
(8 marks)
Total 24 marks
SECTION C (Human Systems)
Answer ONE question from this section.
(a) (i) Draw a sketch map of a named Caribbean territory.
(2 marks)
(ii) On the sketch map drawn in (a) (i), name and locate ONE area of sparse population distribution and ONE area with a dense population distribution.
(2 marks)
(b) (i) Define EACH of the following terms:
a) Birth rate
(2 marks)
b) Infant mortality rate
(2 marks)
(ii) Outline TWO ways by which the population of a country increases.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Using examples from a named Caribbean country, explain how ONE of the following factors may influence population distribution:
- Availability of services
- Relief
(4 marks)
(ii) Compare the population growth of ONE Caribbean country with that of ONE developed country, using the following headings:
- Fertility rates
- Migration
(8 marks)
Total 24 marks
6. Figure 4 below shows pie charts of the percentage of the workforce employed in the various sectors in Barbados in 1946 and 2003. Study Figure 4 and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i) Name the category of jobs that was NOT represented in 1946 but was included in 2003.
(1 mark)
(ii) Which category increased by 11 per cent?
(1 mark)
(iii) By how much did the percentage employed in agriculture decrease?
(1 mark)
(iv) Which category has the SMALLEST percentage change?
(1 mark)
(b) (i) What is meant by ‘secondary economic activity’?
(1 mark)
(ii) Give ONE example of a secondary economic activity.
(1 mark)
(iii) State the MAIN feature of the following types of tourism and give an example of EACH.
a) Heritage tourism
(2 marks)
b) Ecotourism
(2 marks)
c) Sports tourism
(2 marks)
(c) With reference to specific examples, explain THREE economic benefits of primary activities to the Caribbean.
(12 marks)
Total 24 marks
7. Table 1 below shows the composition of the gross domestic product of a Caribbean country.
TABLE 1: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF A CARIBBEAN COUNTRY
(a) Use the information in Table 1 to draw a pie chart.
(4 marks)
(b) (i) State FOUR benefits of agriculture to the Caribbean economy.
(4 marks)
(ii) Outline TWO problems faced by peasant (small) farmers in the Caribbean.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Using examples, give TWO reasons for the declining importance of agriculture to the economy and of a named Caribbean country.
(6 marks)
(ii) Compare the characteristics of wheat farming in Canada with those of commercial arable farming in a named Caribbean country, using the following headings.
- Technology
- Farm size
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
SECTION D (Human-Environment Systems)
Answer ONE question from this section.
8. Table 2 lists some major disasters affecting a country. Study Table 2 and answer the questions that follow.
TABLE 2: MAJOR 20th CENTURY DISASTERS AFFECTING A TROPICAL ISLAND
(a) (i) Over the period, in which year did the MOST natural disasters occur?
(1 mark)
(ii) Which disaster caused the MOST deaths over the period?
(1 mark)
(iii) Which disaster caused the LEAST deaths over the period?
(1 mark)
(iv) What was the TOTAL number of deaths caused by floods?
(1 mark)
(b) What is a natural hazard?
(2 marks)
(c) Describe THREE ways in which ONE of the following hazards affects life and property.
- Hurricane
- Earthquake
- Volcanic Eruption
(6 marks)
(d) (i) Explain THREE ways in which an individual should prepare for the effects of the hazard you described in (c) above.
(6 marks)
(ii) Explain TWO measures used by a national disaster organisation in a named Caribbean country in response to hazards.
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
9. Table 3 below shows the change in average global temperature between 1880-2000. Study Table 3 and answer the questions that follow.
TABLE 3: ESTIMATED GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE CHANGE, 1880-2000
(a) (i) What is the general trend in global average temperature?
(1 mark)
(ii) Which period recorded NO change in average temperature?
(1 mark)
(iii) Which period had the HIGHEST temperature change?
(1 mark)
(iv) What was the temperature change between 1901-1920?
(1 mark)
(b) (i) Define the term ‘greenhouse effect’.
(2 marks)
(ii) Identify TWO causes of deforestation.
(2 marks)
(iii) State TWO causes of coral reef destruction.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Explain TWO ways in which the development of the tourism industry contributes to global warming.
(6 marks)
(ii) Explain how the destruction of coral reefs in the Caribbean can adversely affect the tourism industry.
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
10. Table 4 below shows the employment structure in Singapore.
TABLE 4: SINGAPORE–EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN 2003 (in thousands)
Adapted: Ottley and Gentles, p. 199
(a) On the grid provided as an insert, draw a bar graph to illustrate the data shown in Table 4 above. Use a scale of 1 cm to represent 50,000 employees.
(4 marks)
(b) Describe TWO types of pollution and, for EACH, describe a measure used to reduce the harmful effects.
(8 marks)
(c) Explain THREE measures used to reduce the effects of deforestation in the Caribbean. Give ONE example of EACH measure.
(12 marks)
Total 24 marks
END OF TEST
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST