CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 02–General Proficiency
2 hours 30 minutes
28 May 2012 (a.m.)
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
1. This paper consists of TEN questions in FOUR sections.
2. Section A consists of ONE compulsory question. EACH of Sections B, C and D consists of THREE questions.
3. Candidates MUST answer FOUR questions: Questions 1 from Section A and ONE question from EACH of Sections B, C and D.
4. Begin EACH answer on a new page.
5. Credit will be given for the use of relevant sketch maps and diagrams.
6. You may use a silent non-programmable calculator.
7. You may use geometrical instruments.
8. Write all of your responses in the answer booklet provided unless otherwise stated in the question. ALL inserts used MUST be fastened securely to your answer booklet.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
SECTION A (Mapwork)
You MUST answer this question.
BECAUSE OF THE DIFFICULTY OF REPRESENTING MAPWORK ONLINE, SECTION A WILL NOT BE REPRESENTED HERE.
SECTION B (Natural Systems)
Answer ONE question from this section.
2. (a) Study Figure 1 below, which shows features associated with volcanic activities and answer the questions that follow.
From the features lettered A to E, identify and name
(i) TWO intrusive volcanic features
(2 marks)
(ii) TWO extrusive volcanic features.
(2 marks)
(b) For either divergent or convergent plate boundaries,
(i) name TWO features which usually develop there
(2 marks)
(ii) describe what happens at the boundary.
(6 marks)
(c) Explain the formation of any THREE volcanic features and how these may change over time.
(12 marks)
Total 24 marks
3. (a) Study Figure 2 below, which shows movement of water in the hydrological cycle, and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name any THREE of the processes indicated by the letters A, B, C and D.
(3 marks)
(ii) State the name of the level X.
(1 mark)
(b) (i) Describe TWO processes which occur in a river channel.
(4 marks)
(ii) Select ONE of the following features found in a river valley and explain how it develops.
- Waterfall
- Flood plain
(6 marks)
(c) (i) Describe TWO characteristics of limestone.
(4 marks)
(ii) Explain how either swallow holes or stalacites are formed in limestone areas of the Caribbean.
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
4. (a) Figure 3 is a climate graph which shows average monthly precipitation and temperature for a climatic region. Study Figure 3 and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name the climatic region represented by the data.
(1 mark)
(ii) State the month with the LOWEST temperature.
(1 mark)
(iii) What is the approximate range of average monthly temperature for the year?
(1 mark)
(iv) What is the combined TOTAL rainfall for the months of September and October?
(1 mark)
(b) Describe the main characteristics of TWO of the following weather systems experienced in the Caribbean.
- Hurricanes
- Tropical Waves
- Cold Fronts
- Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
(8 marks)
(c) Explain SIX ways in which the vegetation of either tropical rain forests or tropical grasslands is influenced by climate.
(12 marks)
Total 24 marks
SECTION C (Human Systems)
Answer ONE question from this section.
5. Study Table 1 below, which shows population change in several districts in St. Lucia between 1990 and 2001, and answer the questions that follow.
TABLE 1: POPULATION CHANGE FOR SELECTED DISTRICTS IN ST LUCIA, 1990 AND 2001
(a) (i) Which district had the HIGHEST population increase?
(1 mark)
(ii) What was the percentage change in population in Choiseul?
(1 mark)
(iii) What was the actual population change for Vieux Fort?
(1 mark)
(iv) Which district had the SMALLEST population change?
(1 mark)
(b) (i) Describe TWO economic benefits of international migration to the Caribbean.
(4 marks)
(ii) Outline TWO strategies that have been implemented to reduce urbanisation in a named Caribbean country.
(4 marks)
(c) With reference to specific examples in the Caribbean, explain how THREE of the following factors influence population distribution.
- Relief
- Natural vegetation
- Soils
- Employment opportunities
(12 marks)
Total 24 marks
6. (a) Study Table 2, which shows the contribution of agriculture to GDP and the value of banana exports for three countries for 1990 and 2003, and answer the questions that follow.
TABLE 2: CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO GDP AND VALUE OF BANANA EXPORTS
(i) What was the combined value of banana exports in 2003?
(1 mark)
(ii) Which country had the BIGGEST difference in the value of its banana exports between 1990 and 2003?
(1 mark)
(iii) whats is the trend in banana exports over the period?
(1 mark)
(iv) Which country had the HIGHEST reliance on agriculture?
(1 mark)
(b) Describe FOUR ways in which the food processing or garment industry is important in the Caribbean.
(8 marks)
(c) (i) With reference to a named Caribbean country, explain how the tourism industry has been affected by the recent global economic recession. Include THREE points in your answer.
(6 marks)
(ii) Explain THREE challenges faced by either mining or fishing or forestry in a named Caribbean country.
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
7. (a) Draw a map of a named Caribbean country. On the map show clearly and name ONE area where commercial arable farming is important.
(4 marks)
(b) (i) List FOUR important roles of agriculture in the Caribbean.
(4 marks)
(ii) Describe TWO problems facing peasant farmers in the Caribbean.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Account for the declining contribution of agriculture to the economy of the Caribbean. Use the following headings:
- Cost of production
- Prices
- Employment
- Acreage
(8 marks)
(ii) Compare diversification in commercial arable farming in a named Caribbean country with diversification in the Prairies of Canada. Your response must include TWO points of comparison.
(4 marks)
Total 24 marks
SECTION D (Human-Environment Systems)
Answer ONE question from this section.
8. (a) Table 3 shows the number of people affected by five disasters in Dominica. Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 500 people, construct a bar graph to illustrate this data using the grid provided as an insert. Do not shade the bars.
(4 marks)
TABLE 3: NUMBER OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY FIVE DISASTERS IN DOMINICA
(b) (i) Identify TWO types of natural hazards in the Caribbean and state what makes them hazards.
(4 marks)
(ii) Describe TWO ways in which a natural hazard has affected a Caribbean country.
(4 marks)
(c) Choose natural hazard in a named Caribbean country and explain how its impact can be reduced by using
(i) TWO individual precautions
(6 marks)
(ii) TWO national precautions
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
9. (a) Table 4 presents information on the percentage distribution of global greenhouse gases in 2002.
TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES IN 2002
Construct a pie chart, with diameter 6 cm, to illustrate the information presented in the table above.
(4 marks)
(b) (i) Define the term ‘pollution’
(2 marks)
(ii) Name ONE type of pollution and state ONE possible cause of the pollution named.
(2 marks)
(iii) Describe TWO ways in which the type of pollution named (b) (ii) can be reduced.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Explain how any THREE actions by humans may cause coral reef destruction.
(6 marks)
(ii) Describe THREE measures than can be used to reduce coral reef degradation.
(6 marks)
Total 24 marks
10. (a) On the grid provided as an insert for this question, use the data provided in Table 5 to draw a line graph of the estimated projected average temperatures for Country X between 2012 and 2040.
(4 marks)
TABLE 5: PROJECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR COUNTRY X BETWEEN 2010 AND 2040
(b) (i) Define the terms
(a) global warming
(2 marks)
(b) greenhouse effect
(2 marks)
(ii) Describe TWO causes of global warming.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Explain TWO likely effects of global warming on the Caribbean.
(4 marks)
(ii) Explain TWO causes of deforestation in the Caribbean.
(4 marks)
(iii) Using examples from the Caribbean, explain TWO consequences of deforestation.
(4 marks)
Total 24 marks
END OF TEST
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.